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But now a new study, whose lead author is Eva Sapi, professor and head of biology and environmental science at the University of New Haven, suggests that the reason the Borrelia spirochetes that cause Lyme disease are resistant to treatment is because they form a biofilm in the body that allows it to "hide out" from antibiotics.

That biofilm ÐÓ°ÉÔ­°æ“ which has a very protective layer you might call "slime" ÐÓ°ÉÔ­°æ“ actually makes the bacteria up to 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than are other bacteria.

The article is the first to demonstrate the presence of Borrelia biofilm in human infected skin tissues, confirming that these structures indeed can exist in the human body published in the European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, an international, peer-reviewed online journal. She hopes the work will lead to better therapies for curing the disease.

"These findings could change the way we think about Lyme disease," she said, "especially in patients where it seems to be a persistent disease, despite long-term antibiotic treatment. This recent finding could help to better understand how Borrelia can survive treatment and elucidation of the biofilm components and will provide novel therapeutic targets for chronic Lyme disease, with the hope of eradicating Borrelia in these patients."

The work is a follow-up to the 2012 research teamÐÓ°ÉÔ­°æ™s article in PLOS ONE, another international, peer-reviewed online publication, which proposed that the observed antibiotic resistance and reoccurrence of Lyme disease might be due to the formation of an antibiotic resistance form called biofilm. Since then, the team has focused on actually finding the biofilm in human tissues. Their latest paper outlines their proof that it indeed exists.

So what exactly is a biofilm?

"A biofilm is a complex aggregation of microorganisms growing on a solid substrate," Sapi, who has chronic Lyme disease, said.  "Unlike the more familiar free-swimming bacterial forms, cells in biofilms surround themselves with a complex matrix, better known as ÐÓ°ÉÔ­°æ˜slime,ÐÓ°ÉÔ­°æ™ to protect the cells from environmental stresses such as the attack of the immune system or the exposure to antibiotics."

The paper can be found online at

About the University of New Haven

The University of New Haven is a private, top-tier comprehensive institution recognized as a national leader in experiential education. Founded in 1920 the university enrolls approximately 1,800 graduate students and more than 4,600 undergraduates.